MIME 类型

MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) 是描述消息内容类型的标准，用来表示文档、文件或字节流的性质和格式。

MIME 消息能包含文本、图像、音频、视频以及其他应用程序专用的数据。

浏览器通常使用 MIME 类型（而不是文件扩展名）来确定如何处理URL，因此 We b服务器在响应头中添加正确的 MIME 类型非常重要。如果配置不正确，浏览器可能会无法解析文件内容，网站将无法正常工作，并且下载的文件也会被错误处理。

语法

MIME 类型通用结构：

type/subtype

MIME 的组成结构非常简单，由类型与子类型两个字符串中间用 / 分隔而组成，不允许有空格。type 表示可以被分多个子类的独立类别，subtype 表示细分后的每个类型。

MIME类型对大小写不敏感，但是传统写法都是小写。

两种主要的 MIME 类型在默认类型中扮演了重要的角色：

• text/plain 表示文本文件的默认值。
• application/octet-stream 表示所有其他情况的默认值。

常见的 MIME 类型

• 超文本标记语言文本 .html、.html：text/html

• 普通文本 .txt： text/plain

• RTF 文本 .rtf： application/rtf

• GIF 图形 .gif： image/gif

• JPEG 图形 .jpeg、.jpg： image/jpeg

• au 声音文件 .au： audio/basic

• MIDI 音乐文件 mid、.midi： audio/midi、audio/x-midi

• RealAudio 音乐文件 .ra、.ram： audio/x-pn-realaudio

• MPEG 文件 .mpg、.mpeg： video/mpeg

• AVI 文件 .avi： video/x-msvideo

• GZIP 文件 .gz： application/x-gzip

• TAR 文件 .tar： application/x-tar

• 类型	描述	典型示例
  text	表明文件是普通文本，理论上是人类可读	text/plain, text/html, text/css, text/javascript
  image	表明是某种图像。不包括视频，但是动态图（比如动态gif）也使用image类型	image/gif, image/png, image/jpeg, image/bmp, image/webp, image/x-icon, image/vnd.microsoft.icon
  audio	表明是某种音频文件	audio/midi, audio/mpeg, audio/webm, audio/ogg, audio/wav
  video	表明是某种视频文件	video/webm, video/ogg
  application	表明是某种二进制数据	application/octet-stream, application/pkcs12, application/vnd.mspowerpoint, application/xhtml+xml, application/xml,  application/pdf

  MIME 对照表

  媒体类型	文件扩展名	说明
  application/msword	doc	微软 Office Word 格式（Microsoft Word 97 - 2004 document）
  application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document	docx	微软 Office Word 文档格式
  application/vnd.ms-excel	xls	微软 Office Excel 格式（Microsoft Excel 97 - 2004 Workbook
  application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	xlsx	微软 Office Excel 文档格式
  application/vnd.ms-powerpoint	ppt	微软 Office PowerPoint 格式（Microsoft PowerPoint 97 - 2003 演示文稿）
  application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation	pptx	微软 Office PowerPoint 文稿格式
  application/x-gzip	gz, gzip	GZ 压缩文件格式
  application/zip	zip, 7zip	ZIP 压缩文件格式
  application/rar	rar	RAR 压缩文件格式
  application/x-tar	tar, tgz	TAR 压缩文件格式
  application/pdf	pdf	PDF 是 Portable Document Format 的简称，即便携式文档格式
  application/rtf	rtf	RTF 是指 Rich Text Format，即通常所说的富文本格式
  image/gif	gif	GIF 图像格式
  image/jpeg	jpg, jpeg	JPG(JPEG) 图像格式
  image/jp2	jpg2	JPG2 图像格式
  image/png	png	PNG 图像格式
  image/tiff	tif, tiff	TIF(TIFF) 图像格式
  image/bmp	bmp	BMP 图像格式（位图格式）
  image/svg+xml	svg, svgz	SVG 图像格式
  image/webp	webp	WebP 图像格式
  image/x-icon	ico	ico 图像格式，通常用于浏览器 Favicon 图标
  application/kswps	wps	金山 Office 文字排版文件格式
  application/kset	et	金山 Office 表格文件格式
  application/ksdps	dps	金山 Office 演示文稿格式
  application/x-photoshop	psd	Photoshop 源文件格式
  application/x-coreldraw	cdr	Coreldraw 源文件格式
  application/x-shockwave-flash	swf	Adobe Flash 源文件格式
  text/plain	txt	普通文本格式
  application/x-javascript	js	Javascript 文件类型
  text/javascript	js	表示 Javascript 脚本文件
  text/css	css	表示 CSS 样式表
  text/html	htm, html, shtml	HTML 文件格式
  application/xhtml+xml	xht, xhtml	XHTML 文件格式
  text/xml	xml	XML 文件格式
  text/x-vcard	vcf	VCF 文件格式
  application/x-httpd-php	php, php3, php4, phtml	PHP 文件格式
  application/java-archive	jar	Java 归档文件格式
  application/vnd.android.package-archive	apk	Android 平台包文件格式
  application/octet-stream	exe	Windows 系统可执行文件格式
  application/x-x509-user-cert	crt, pem	PEM 文件格式
  audio/mpeg	mp3	mpeg 音频格式
  audio/midi	mid, midi	mid 音频格式
  audio/x-wav	wav	wav 音频格式
  audio/x-mpegurl	m3u	m3u 音频格式
  audio/x-m4a	m4a	m4a 音频格式
  audio/ogg	ogg	ogg 音频格式
  audio/x-realaudio	ra	Real Audio 音频格式
  video/mp4	mp4	mp4 视频格式
  video/mpeg	mpg, mpe, mpeg	mpeg 视频格式
  video/quicktime	qt, mov	QuickTime 视频格式
  video/x-m4v	m4v	m4v 视频格式
  video/x-ms-wmv	wmv	wmv 视频格式（Windows 操作系统上的一种视频格式）
  video/x-msvideo	avi	avi 视频格式
  video/webm	webm	webm 视频格式
  video/x-flv	flv	一种基于 flash 技术的视频格式

  按照内容类型排列的 MIME 类型列表

  类型/子类型	扩展名
  application/envoy	evy
  application/fractals	fif
  application/futuresplash	spl
  application/hta	hta
  application/internet-property-stream	acx
  application/mac-binhex40	hqx
  application/msword	doc
  application/msword	dot
  application/octet-stream	*
  application/octet-stream	bin
  application/octet-stream	class
  application/octet-stream	dms
  application/octet-stream	exe
  application/octet-stream	lha
  application/octet-stream	lzh
  application/oda	oda
  application/olescript	axs
  application/pdf	pdf
  application/pics-rules	prf
  application/pkcs10	p10
  application/pkix-crl	crl
  application/postscript	ai
  application/postscript	eps
  application/postscript	ps
  application/rtf	rtf
  application/set-payment-initiation	setpay
  application/set-registration-initiation	setreg
  application/vnd.ms-excel	xla
  application/vnd.ms-excel	xlc
  application/vnd.ms-excel	xlm
  application/vnd.ms-excel	xls
  application/vnd.ms-excel	xlt
  application/vnd.ms-excel	xlw
  application/vnd.ms-outlook	msg
  application/vnd.ms-pkicertstore	sst
  application/vnd.ms-pkiseccat	cat
  application/vnd.ms-pkistl	stl
  application/vnd.ms-powerpoint	pot
  application/vnd.ms-powerpoint	pps
  application/vnd.ms-powerpoint	ppt
  application/vnd.ms-project	mpp
  application/vnd.ms-works	wcm
  application/vnd.ms-works	wdb
  application/vnd.ms-works	wks
  application/vnd.ms-works	wps
  application/winhlp	hlp
  application/x-bcpio	bcpio
  application/x-cdf	cdf
  application/x-compress	z
  application/x-compressed	tgz
  application/x-cpio	cpio
  application/x-csh	csh
  application/x-director	dcr
  application/x-director	dir
  application/x-director	dxr
  application/x-dvi	dvi
  application/x-gtar	gtar
  application/x-gzip	gz
  application/x-hdf	hdf
  application/x-internet-signup	ins
  application/x-internet-signup	isp
  application/x-iphone	iii
  application/x-javascript	js
  application/x-latex	latex
  application/x-msaccess	mdb
  application/x-mscardfile	crd
  application/x-msclip	clp
  application/x-msdownload	dll
  application/x-msmediaview	m13
  application/x-msmediaview	m14
  application/x-msmediaview	mvb
  application/x-msmetafile	wmf
  application/x-msmoney	mny
  application/x-mspublisher	pub
  application/x-msschedule	scd
  application/x-msterminal	trm
  application/x-mswrite	wri
  application/x-netcdf	cdf
  application/x-netcdf	nc
  application/x-perfmon	pma
  application/x-perfmon	pmc
  application/x-perfmon	pml
  application/x-perfmon	pmr
  application/x-perfmon	pmw
  application/x-pkcs12	p12
  application/x-pkcs12	pfx
  application/x-pkcs7-certificates	p7b
  application/x-pkcs7-certificates	spc
  application/x-pkcs7-certreqresp	p7r
  application/x-pkcs7-mime	p7c
  application/x-pkcs7-mime	p7m
  application/x-pkcs7-signature	p7s
  application/x-sh	sh
  application/x-shar	shar
  application/x-shockwave-flash	swf
  application/x-stuffit	sit
  application/x-sv4cpio	sv4cpio
  application/x-sv4crc	sv4crc
  application/x-tar	tar
  application/x-tcl	tcl
  application/x-tex	tex
  application/x-texinfo	texi
  application/x-texinfo	texinfo
  application/x-troff	roff
  application/x-troff	t
  application/x-troff	tr
  application/x-troff-man	man
  application/x-troff-me	me
  application/x-troff-ms	ms
  application/x-ustar	ustar
  application/x-wais-source	src
  application/x-x509-ca-cert	cer
  application/x-x509-ca-cert	crt
  application/x-x509-ca-cert	der
  application/ynd.ms-pkipko	pko
  application/zip	zip
  audio/basic	au
  audio/basic	snd
  audio/mid	mid
  audio/mid	rmi
  audio/mpeg	mp3
  audio/x-aiff	aif
  audio/x-aiff	aifc
  audio/x-aiff	aiff
  audio/x-mpegurl	m3u
  audio/x-pn-realaudio	ra
  audio/x-pn-realaudio	ram
  audio/x-wav	wav
  image/bmp	bmp
  image/cis-cod	cod
  image/gif	gif
  image/ief	ief
  image/jpeg	jpe
  image/jpeg	jpeg
  image/jpeg	jpg
  image/pipeg	jfif
  image/svg+xml	svg
  image/tiff	tif
  image/tiff	tiff
  image/x-cmu-raster	ras
  image/x-cmx	cmx
  image/x-icon	ico
  image/x-portable-anymap	pnm
  image/x-portable-bitmap	pbm
  image/x-portable-graymap	pgm
  image/x-portable-pixmap	ppm
  image/x-rgb	rgb
  image/x-xbitmap	xbm
  image/x-xpixmap	xpm
  image/x-xwindowdump	xwd
  message/rfc822	mht
  message/rfc822	mhtml
  message/rfc822	nws
  text/css	css
  text/h323	323
  text/html	htm
  text/html	html
  text/html	stm
  text/iuls	uls
  text/plain	bas
  text/plain	c
  text/plain	h
  text/plain	txt
  text/richtext	rtx
  text/scriptlet	sct
  text/tab-separated-values	tsv
  text/webviewhtml	htt
  text/x-component	htc
  text/x-setext	etx
  text/x-vcard	vcf
  video/mpeg	mp2
  video/mpeg	mpa
  video/mpeg	mpe
  video/mpeg	mpeg
  video/mpeg	mpg
  video/mpeg	mpv2
  video/quicktime	mov
  video/quicktime	qt
  video/x-la-asf	lsf
  video/x-la-asf	lsx
  video/x-ms-asf	asf
  video/x-ms-asf	asr
  video/x-ms-asf	asx
  video/x-msvideo	avi
  video/x-sgi-movie	movie
  x-world/x-vrml	flr
  x-world/x-vrml	vrml
  x-world/x-vrml	wrl
  x-world/x-vrml	wrz
  x-world/x-vrml	xaf
  x-world/x-vrml	xof

  按照文件扩展名排列的 MIME 类型列表

  扩展名	类型/子类型
  	application/octet-stream
  323	text/h323
  acx	application/internet-property-stream
  ai	application/postscript
  aif	audio/x-aiff
  aifc	audio/x-aiff
  aiff	audio/x-aiff
  asf	video/x-ms-asf
  asr	video/x-ms-asf
  asx	video/x-ms-asf
  au	audio/basic
  avi	video/x-msvideo
  axs	application/olescript
  bas	text/plain
  bcpio	application/x-bcpio
  bin	application/octet-stream
  bmp	image/bmp
  c	text/plain
  cat	application/vnd.ms-pkiseccat
  cdf	application/x-cdf
  cer	application/x-x509-ca-cert
  class	application/octet-stream
  clp	application/x-msclip
  cmx	image/x-cmx
  cod	image/cis-cod
  cpio	application/x-cpio
  crd	application/x-mscardfile
  crl	application/pkix-crl
  crt	application/x-x509-ca-cert
  csh	application/x-csh
  css	text/css
  dcr	application/x-director
  der	application/x-x509-ca-cert
  dir	application/x-director
  dll	application/x-msdownload
  dms	application/octet-stream
  doc	application/msword
  dot	application/msword
  dvi	application/x-dvi
  dxr	application/x-director
  eps	application/postscript
  etx	text/x-setext
  evy	application/envoy
  exe	application/octet-stream
  fif	application/fractals
  flr	x-world/x-vrml
  gif	image/gif
  gtar	application/x-gtar
  gz	application/x-gzip
  h	text/plain
  hdf	application/x-hdf
  hlp	application/winhlp
  hqx	application/mac-binhex40
  hta	application/hta
  htc	text/x-component
  htm	text/html
  html	text/html
  htt	text/webviewhtml
  ico	image/x-icon
  ief	image/ief
  iii	application/x-iphone
  ins	application/x-internet-signup
  isp	application/x-internet-signup
  jfif	image/pipeg
  jpe	image/jpeg
  jpeg	image/jpeg
  jpg	image/jpeg
  js	application/x-javascript
  latex	application/x-latex
  lha	application/octet-stream
  lsf	video/x-la-asf
  lsx	video/x-la-asf
  lzh	application/octet-stream
  m13	application/x-msmediaview
  m14	application/x-msmediaview
  m3u	audio/x-mpegurl
  man	application/x-troff-man
  mdb	application/x-msaccess
  me	application/x-troff-me
  mht	message/rfc822
  mhtml	message/rfc822
  mid	audio/mid
  mny	application/x-msmoney
  mov	video/quicktime
  movie	video/x-sgi-movie
  mp2	video/mpeg
  mp3	audio/mpeg
  mpa	video/mpeg
  mpe	video/mpeg
  mpeg	video/mpeg
  mpg	video/mpeg
  mpp	application/vnd.ms-project
  mpv2	video/mpeg
  ms	application/x-troff-ms
  mvb	application/x-msmediaview
  nws	message/rfc822
  oda	application/oda
  p10	application/pkcs10
  p12	application/x-pkcs12
  p7b	application/x-pkcs7-certificates
  p7c	application/x-pkcs7-mime
  p7m	application/x-pkcs7-mime
  p7r	application/x-pkcs7-certreqresp
  p7s	application/x-pkcs7-signature
  pbm	image/x-portable-bitmap
  pdf	application/pdf
  pfx	application/x-pkcs12
  pgm	image/x-portable-graymap
  pko	application/ynd.ms-pkipko
  pma	application/x-perfmon
  pmc	application/x-perfmon
  pml	application/x-perfmon
  pmr	application/x-perfmon
  pmw	application/x-perfmon
  pnm	image/x-portable-anymap
  pot,	application/vnd.ms-powerpoint
  ppm	image/x-portable-pixmap
  pps	application/vnd.ms-powerpoint
  ppt	application/vnd.ms-powerpoint
  prf	application/pics-rules
  ps	application/postscript
  pub	application/x-mspublisher
  qt	video/quicktime
  ra	audio/x-pn-realaudio
  ram	audio/x-pn-realaudio
  ras	image/x-cmu-raster
  rgb	image/x-rgb
  rmi	audio/mid
  roff	application/x-troff
  rtf	application/rtf
  rtx	text/richtext
  scd	application/x-msschedule
  sct	text/scriptlet
  setpay	application/set-payment-initiation
  setreg	application/set-registration-initiation
  sh	application/x-sh
  shar	application/x-shar
  sit	application/x-stuffit
  snd	audio/basic
  spc	application/x-pkcs7-certificates
  spl	application/futuresplash
  src	application/x-wais-source
  sst	application/vnd.ms-pkicertstore
  stl	application/vnd.ms-pkistl
  stm	text/html
  svg	image/svg+xml
  sv4cpio	application/x-sv4cpio
  sv4crc	application/x-sv4crc
  swf	application/x-shockwave-flash
  t	application/x-troff
  tar	application/x-tar
  tcl	application/x-tcl
  tex	application/x-tex
  texi	application/x-texinfo
  texinfo	application/x-texinfo
  tgz	application/x-compressed
  tif	image/tiff
  tiff	image/tiff
  tr	application/x-troff
  trm	application/x-msterminal
  tsv	text/tab-separated-values
  txt	text/plain
  uls	text/iuls
  ustar	application/x-ustar
  vcf	text/x-vcard
  vrml	x-world/x-vrml
  wav	audio/x-wav
  wcm	application/vnd.ms-works
  wdb	application/vnd.ms-works
  wks	application/vnd.ms-works
  wmf	application/x-msmetafile
  wps	application/vnd.ms-works
  wri	application/x-mswrite
  wrl	x-world/x-vrml
  wrz	x-world/x-vrml
  xaf	x-world/x-vrml
  xbm	image/x-xbitmap
  xla	application/vnd.ms-excel
  xlc	application/vnd.ms-excel
  xlm	application/vnd.ms-excel
  xls	application/vnd.ms-excel
  xlt	application/vnd.ms-excel
  xlw	application/vnd.ms-excel
  xof	x-world/x-vrml
  xpm	image/x-xpixmap
  xwd	image/x-xwindowdump
  z	application/x-compress
  zip	application/zip